英语宾补动词的分类再整理

类别

功能描述

常见动词

例句

1. 意愿动词

表明主语对宾语的愿望、要求或期待。

want, wish, prefer, expect, ask, request, order, would like

1. I want you to leave. (我希望你离开。)
2. She expects us to finish the work on time. (她期望我们按时完成工作。)

2. 使役动词

表明主语使令、允许或迫使宾语完成某个动作或处于某种状态。

make, let, have, force, cause, get

1. The news made her cry. (这个消息让她哭了。)
2. Please let me explain. (请让我解释一下。)
3. He got his computer fixed. (他让人修好了他的电脑。)

3. 称谓动词

表明给宾语赋予一个名称、头衔或身份。

call, name, elect, crown, consider (as), appoint

1. They elected him president. (他们选举他为主席。)
2. We call our dog Lucky. (我们叫我们的狗“幸运”。)

4. 转化动词

表明将宾语转化为或使其变成另一种状态。

paint, turn, dye, make, render

1. He painted the wall blue. (他把墙刷成了蓝色。)
2. The scandal turned his world upside down. (那桩丑闻让他的世界天翻地覆。)

类别

功能描述

子类别与例句

1. 名词性宾补动词

宾语补足语是名词或名词短语，用于说明宾语的身份或属性。

任命选举类: They appointed her director. (他们任命她为主任。)
命名称呼类: We call him Big John. (我们叫他大约翰。)
认为视作类: I consider him a friend. (我把他看作一个朋友。)

2. 形容词性宾补动词

宾语补足语是形容词或形容词短语，用于说明宾语的状态或特征。

使役类: The joke made everyone happy. (这个笑话让每个人都很开心。)
保持类: Please keep the door open. (请让门开着。)
认为类: I find your idea interesting. (我觉得你的想法很有趣。)

3. 不定式宾补动词

宾语补足语是动词不定式（to do）。

意愿类: I want you to come. (我希望你来。)
使令类: He told me to wait. (他告知我等着。)
允许类: The pass allows you to enter. (这个通行证允许你进入。)
认知类: We believe him to be honest. (我们信任他是诚实的。) [较正式]

4. 分词宾补动词

宾语补足语是目前分词（-ing）或过去分词（-ed）。

感官动词: I heard someone knocking at the door. (我听见有人在敲门。) / I saw the city destroyed by the war. (我看见这座城市被战争摧毁了。)
使役动词: I had my car washed. (我洗了车。) / He got the machine running. (他让机器运转起来了。)

5. 介词短语宾补动词

宾语补足语是介词短语，用于说明宾语的位置、状态或将其视作某物。

1. She put the book on the table. (她把书放在桌子上。)
2. I see him as a brother. (我把他当作兄弟。)
3. They keep the documents in a safe. (他们把文件保存在保险箱里。)