外研版新高中英语必修一Unit 1——Section B词汇讲解

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外研版新高中英语必修一Unit 1——Section B词汇讲解

词汇

1.award n.奖;奖赏 v.颁奖

【搭配】win/receive an award 赢得/获得奖项 present/give an award 颁发奖项

award sb sth / award sth to sb(授予某人某物)

e.g.She won an award for Best Actress.她获得了最佳女演员奖。

The committee will present the award next week. 委员会将于下周颁奖。

The jury awarded her first prize.评审团授予她一等奖。

【辨析】reward, award与prize

Reward一般指的是对某人因做了好事、提供了有价值的服务或达到了某个目标而给予的报酬或奖励。这种奖励可以是物质的(如金钱、奖品),也可以是精神的(如赞扬、认可)。Reward多用于非正式场合,强调的是对行为的直接回应和激励。

e.g.The police offered a reward for information leading to the arrest of the criminal.

警方为提供逮捕罪犯线索的人提供赏金

Award一般指的是由某个机构、组织或团体正式颁发的荣誉或奖励,这些奖励往往带有必定的权威性和认可度。Award可以包括奖杯、证书、奖牌等。Award多用于正式场合,如学术竞赛、体育赛事、艺术展览等。它强调的是获奖者的成就和才华得到了官方或专业机构的认可和表彰。

e.g.She won an award for her outstanding performance in the science competition.

她在科学竞赛中表现出色,获得了奖项

Prize指的是在比赛、抽奖或其他活动中赢得的奖品,这些奖品一般是物质的,如现金、物品、旅游等。Prize强调的是获胜的结果和所获得的具体物品。Prize可以用于各种场合,从正式的体育比赛到非正式的娱乐活动。它关注的是获胜者所获得的实物奖励。

e.g.The first prize at the lottery was $1 million. 彩票的头奖是100万美元

2.opportunity n.机会;时机

【搭配】seize the opportunity 抓住机遇,抓住机会 take an opportunity 抓住机会;利用机会

make use of an opportunity:利用机会 lose an opportunity:失去机会

an opportunity of/for/in sth. ……的机会

e.g.He seized the opportunity to travel abroad. 他抓住了出国旅行的机会。

She took every opportunity to practice her English. 她抓住每一个机会练习英语

Make use of every opportunity to learn and grow. 要利用每一个学习和成长的机会

By hesitating, he lost the opportunity to win the game.由于犹豫,他失去了赢得比赛的机会

an opportunity of learning 学习的机会 an opportunity for promotion 晋升的机会

an opportunity in business 商业上的机会

3.hint n.有益的提议,点子 v.暗示

【搭配】a hint of 一点点 take a hint 接受暗示;领会暗示 hint at暗示某事

e.g.She gave me a hint about the answer. 她给了我关于答案的提示

Add a hint of lemon to the sauce. 在酱汁里加一点柠檬。

I took the hint and left the room. 我领会暗示后离开了房间

He hinted at a possible promotion. 他暗示可能升职

4.subscribe v.订阅

【同根词】subscriber n.订阅者 subscription n. 订阅(费)

【搭配】subscribe to + n./doing 订阅(杂志、服务等); 赞同(观点、理论等)

subscribe for + n.(尤指股份、物资) 认购(股票); 申请(某物)

e.g.I subscribe to The New York Times. 我订阅《纽约时报》

Each of us subscribed for 500 shares. 我们每人认购了500股。

5.view n.(一次)观看;景色;景色 un.观看;视野;视域;视线

cn.个人的意见;见解;见解;态度 vt.观看;查看;以……看待;把……视为

【搭配】in view 在视野的范围内;在思考之中 out of view 不在视野中

come into view 出目前视野中 point of view 观点;见解

have /get a good /bad view of … 看得清/看不清……

one’s view(s) on / about sth. 某人关于某事的见解/见解

in one’s view = in one’s opinion 在某人看来 in view of … 鉴于;思考到;由于

view sb./sth. as … 把某人/某物视为…… be viewed as … ……被视为……

e.g.My view on this matter is quite different from yours. 我对这件事的见解和你的很不一样

The playground is in view from my classroom. 从我的教室能看到操场

English is viewed as a tool of international communication. 英语被视为一种国家交流工具

6.graduate v.大学毕业生;毕业生 v.获得学位(尤指学士);毕业

【同根词】graduation n.毕业;毕业典礼 undergraduate n.本科生 postgraduate n.研究生

【搭配】graduate from 毕业于……学校 graduate in 毕业于……专业

after graduation 毕业后

提醒:graduate是短暂性动词,不能与表明一段时间的词语连用。

e.g.He graduated from an American college last year and graduated in History.

他毕业于美国大学历史系

He’s a graduate of Peking University. 他是北京大学的毕业生

He has been a graduate of Peking University for three years. 他已经从北京大学毕业3年了

7.frightened adj.恐惧的;害怕的;受惊的(形容人的表情;声音等)

【同根词】fright n.惊吓;恐怖 frighten v.使惊讶;使惊恐

frightening adj.引起恐惧的;使惊恐的

【搭配】be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 be frightened to do sth.害怕做某事

be frightened by…被……吓坏 be frightened at…看到……感到惊恐

frighten sb. to death把某人吓坏 frighten sb./sth. off/away将某人/某物吓跑

frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 吓唬某人做/不做某事

e.g.The little child was frightened of the dog. 这个小孩怕狗。

He was frightened of losing power. 他害怕失去权力。

I was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building. 我从高楼顶上往下看感到害怕。

the noise frightened me to death.那声音吓得我要死/不知所措

News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting new locks to their doors.

发生抢劫的消息把许多人吓得装上新门锁

He frightened her out of signing the paper. 他恐吓她,让她不敢在文件上签字

8.sight un.看见;视力;势力范围;视野 (pl.)景色;名胜 cn.看见(或看得见)的事物;景象;情景

【搭配】catch sight of 看见;警见 at the sight of 一看见

lose sight of 再也见不着;忽略;忘记 at first sight 乍一看;初次见到

lose one’s sight 失明 in /within sight 在眼前;在看得见的范围内

out of (one’s) sight 在(某人的)视线外 come into sight 进入视线;进入眼帘

out of sight, out of mind(谚语)眼不见心不烦

e.g.The sunset is a wonderful sight. 日落是一道秀丽的景色

【辨析】view, sight, scene, scenery

view一般指从某一特定位置或角度所看到的景色、景色或视野范围。它强调的是观察者所能看到的内容。常用于描述自然景观(如海景、山景)、城市风光(如天际线)或室内装饰的视觉效果等。

e.g.The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking. 从山顶看下去的景色令人叹为观止。

sight指视力范围内的景象,也可以指某物被看见的状态或能力。它有时更侧重于具体的事物或瞬间的视觉体验。常用于描述眼前的直接景象,也可以用于抽象意义,如“in sight”(看得见)、“lose sight of”(看不见)。此外,“sightseeing”是观光游览的意思。

e.g.She caught sight of a beautiful flower in the garden. 她在花园里看到了一朵秀丽的花。

scene指一个具体的地点或环境,尤其是其中的活动、人物和氛围构成的画面。它强调的是一个整体的场景或情景。常用于描述某个事件发生的背景或现场情况,如犯罪现场、电影场景等。也可以用于形容自然或人造的环境。

e.g.The scene of the accident was chaotic. 事故现场一片混乱。

scenery指某个地区或地点的整体自然风光或人造景观,强调的是广阔地域内的景色之美。多用于描述自然美景或旅游胜地的风光,如山区风光、海滨景色等。也可以用于描述城市景观或乡村风貌。

e.g.The scenery along the coast is breathtaking. 沿海的景色美不胜收。

9.figure v.(经过思考后)认为,以为;及时;以为;认为 n.人物;画像;塑像;数字;图表;图形;身材;人影

【搭配】figure out 弄清楚;弄清楚 figure on/upon指望;依靠;打算

figure in 把……计算在内;包括…… figure up 把…加起来;计算出总数

keep one’s figure 保持身材 have a good figure 身材好

e.g.I can't figure out why he did such a thing. 我想不清楚他为什么做了这样的事。

My progress figures on your support.我的进步有赖于你的支持

The cost of the trip figures in our budget. 旅行的费用已列入我们的预算。

Let me figure up the total cost for you. 让我帮你算算总费用。

She swims every day to keep her figure. 她每天游泳以保持身材。

He was a key figure in the campaign. 他是这场运动中的关键人物

By 2020, this figure had risen to 15 billion.到2020年,这一数字上升到150亿

10.select v.挑选;选择;选拔

【同根词】selection n. 选择;挑选;可供选择的事物;精选品

【搭配】select …from… 从……中挑选……. select sb. to do sth. 选某人做某事

select sb. as… 挑选某人当……

e.g.Please select the item you want from the menu. 请从菜单中选择您想要的菜品。

The class selects to clean the playground on Friday. 全班选择周五打扫操场。

My mom selects apples as our afternoon snack.妈妈选择苹果作为我们的下午点心。

【辨析】select, elect与choose

select 书面用词,强调在大的范围中进行精选,侧重按照客观标准进行选择

elect 指按照必定的规章或法律,用投票等方式认真、慎重地进行选择,常译为“选举”

choose 普通用词,侧重根据个人的意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择,常与from或between连用。

11.particular adj.特定的,特指的

in particular 尤其,特别

【同根词】particularly adv. 特别;尤其

e.g.We study many subjects, in particular science. 我们学习许多科目,尤其是科学

12.specific adj.具体的;特定的

【同根词】specify v.具体说明;明确指出 specification n.规格;说明书;详细说明

specialist n.专家

e.g.The doctor gave specific medicine for my cough. 医生给我的咳嗽开了特定的药。

Do they have specific goals for the project? 他们对项目有具体目标吗?

13.refer v.提到;谈到

refer to 提到;谈到;说起;描述;涉及;与……相关;查阅;参考

【同根词】reference n. 谈及;提到;参考;查阅

【搭配】refer sb./sth. to … 把……提交给/归因于……

refer to … as… 将……称为……. in/with reference to 关于

e.g.Please refer to the dictionary for the spelling of this word. 这个词的拼写请查字典

Please don't refer to his past again. 请不要再提他的过去了。

The doctor referred me to a specialist.医生让我去找专家。

People often refer to the sun as the source of life. 人们常把太阳称作生命之源。

I am writing with reference to your job application. 此信是关于你的工作申请的。

14.struggle v.奋斗;拼搏

【搭配】 struggle for 为…奋斗;为…争斗 struggle against 与…作斗争,和…斗争

struggle with 与…斗争 struggle to do sth 努力、奋力做某事

struggle to one's feet 挣扎起身 struggle out of 挣脱困境

e.g.The company is struggling for survival in the market. 这家公司正在市场上为生存而斗争

Villagers struggle against flooding every rainy season. 村民每年雨季与洪水抗争

The government is struggling with the problem of drug addiction.政府正与毒品成瘾问题作斗争

People struggle to get the best piece of land. 人们竞相争夺最好的一块土地

He struggled to his feet and continued his journey. 他挣扎着站起来,继续他的旅程

The cat struggled out of the cardboard box. 猫挣脱纸箱

15.memorise v.记住;熟记

【同根词】memory n.记忆;记忆力;[计] 存储器;回忆

【搭配】memorise something by heart 把某事完全记住;熟记于心

e.g.She memorised the poem by heart for the recitation competition.

她为朗诵比赛把那首诗背得滚瓜烂熟

16.improve v.改善;改善

【同根词】improvement n. 改善;提高

【搭配】improve in + 领域: 在某方面进步 improve on/upon +sth. 改良或超越原有事物

improve sth. by doing sth. 通过做某事改善……

e.g. He improved in mathematics through exercise. 他通过练习提高了数学水平

The team improved on last year's design. 团队改善了去年的设计

I improved my English by practicing speaking every day.我通过每天练习口语来提高我的英语水平

17.exchange v.意见、信息等交流

【同根词】exchangeable adj.可交换的、可兑换的 exchanger n.交换者

【搭配】exchange sth for sth 以某物换某物 exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物

in exchange (for)(作为交换)

e.g.She exchanged her old textbooks for store credit. 她用旧课本换了商店的积分。

The students exchanged phone numbers with their partners. 学生们和搭档交换了电话号码。

They offered free accommodation in exchange for volunteer work.

他们提供免费住宿,以换取志愿工作。

外研版新高中英语必修一Unit 1——Section B词汇讲解

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