一、how 的词性与核心含义
㈠ 副词(最主要词性)
1. 用于询问方式、方法,意为“怎样,如何”
① How do you go to school every day?
你每天怎样去上学?
② How can I get to the nearest hospital?
我怎么能到达最近的医院?
2. 用于询问程度,意为“多么,何等”
① How cold it is today!
今天多么冷啊!
② I know how important this job is for you.
我知道这份工作对你而言有多重大。
3. 用于询问健康状况、生活情况
① How are you?
你好吗?
② How is your grandfather recently?
你爷爷最近身体怎么样?
㈡代词(指代方式、情况、那件事)
1. 核心含义
① 指代前文提到的方式、情况、状态,相当于“这样的事/这般情形”,不再是单纯疑问。
② 多用于口语、宾语从句中,不直接提问,而是指代整件事情。
2. 例句
① You know how we've always talked about opening our own restaurant.
你知道我们一直念叨要开自家餐厅这件事。
(how 代词,指代“念叨开餐厅”这件事)
② I remember how we used to help each other.
我记得我们过去相互协助的那段时光。
(how 代词,指代往日相处的情形)
③ She told me how she spent her childhood.
她跟我讲了她童年的经历。
(how 代词,指代童年生活的状况)
㈢连词
1. 引导方式状语从句,意为“以…方式,如同”
① You should do it how I told you.
你要按照我告知你的方式做这件事。
二、含 how 的常用短语
㈠ how often
1. 短语释义:询问动作发生的频率,意为“多久一次”
① How often do you exercise?
你多久锻炼一次?
② How often does she visit her parents?
她多久看望一次父母?
㈡ how long
1. 短语释义:询问时间长短,意为“多长时间”;也可询问物体长度,意为“多长”
① How long have you lived here?
你在这里住了多久?
② How long is this rope?
这根绳子有多长?
㈢ how far
1. 短语释义:询问距离,意为“多远”
① How far is it from your home to school?
从你家到学校有多远?
② How far can you run in ten minutes?
你十分钟能跑多远?
㈣ how many
1. 短语释义:询问可数名词的数量,意为“多少”
① How many books are there on the desk?
桌子上有多少本书?
② How many students are in your class?
你们班有多少名学生?
㈤ how much
1. 短语释义:询问不可数名词的数量,意为“多少”;也可询问价格,意为“多少钱”
① How much water do you drink every day?
你每天喝多少水?
② How much is this coat?
这件外套多少钱?
㈥ how old
1. 短语释义:询问年龄,意为“多大年纪”
① How old is your little brother?
你弟弟多大了?
② How old was he when he started learning piano?
他开始学钢琴的时候多大?
㈦ how about
1. 短语释义:用于提出提议、征求意见,意为“…怎么样”
① How about going for a walk after dinner?
晚饭后去散步怎么样?
② How about this blue skirt?
这条蓝色的裙子怎么样?
㈧ how come
1. 短语释义:口语用法,表疑问,意为“为什么,怎么会”
① How come you are late again?
你怎么又迟到了?
② How come he didn't come to the party?
他为什么没来参与派对?
三、how 的合成词(派生词很少)
1. however /haʊˈevər/ 副词、连词
① 副词释义:不过,可是
The task is difficult. However, we will finish it on time.
这个任务很难,不过我们会按时完成。
② 连词释义:无论如何
You can go however you like.
你想怎么走就怎么走。
However hard you try, you can't change the fact.
无论你多努力,都改变不了这个实际。
2. somehow /ˈsaʊhaʊ/ 副词
释义:以某种方式,不知怎么地
① We will finish the work somehow.
我们总会以某种方式完成这项工作。
② Somehow I lost my key this morning.
今天早上我不知怎么把钥匙弄丢了。
3. how-to /ˈhaʊ tuː/ 形容词、名词
① 形容词释义:提供入门指导的
This is a how-to book for cooking.
这是一本烹饪入门指导书。
② 名词释义:入门指南,操作方法
He wrote a how-to about planting flowers.
他写了一篇种花的操作指南。
四、含 how 的核心句型
㈠ 特殊疑问句句型
1. How + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 实义动词?
① How do you like this movie?
你觉得这部电影怎么样?
② How will they solve the problem?
他们会如何解决这个问题?
2. How + be动词 + 主语?
① How is the weather today?
今天天气怎么样?
② How was your weekend?
你的周末过得怎么样?
㈡ 感叹句句型
1. How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
① How beautiful the flower is!
这朵花多么美丽啊!
② How fast he runs!
他跑得多么快啊!
㈢ 宾语从句句型
1. 主句 + how + 从句(陈述语序)
① I want to know how he learned English well.
我想知道他是怎么学好英语的。
② She doesn't understand how much we love her.
她不清楚我们有多爱她。
㈣ 征求提议句型
1. How about + 名词/代词/动名词?
① How about some juice?
来点果汁怎么样?
② How about playing basketball?
打篮球怎么样?

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